Appliances and furniture
Air conditioner refrigerant circuit — a four-way valve swaps cooling and heating
Heating and cooling swap the roles of the indoor and outdoor coils, and the only part that changes is one valve — which is also why a heat pump briefly runs cooling in the middle of heating, to melt its own frost
This drawing comes from one YAML file. No shape was moved by hand.
Notes in the source (in Japanese)
冷房と暖房で、室内機と室外機の役目が入れ替わる。入れ替えるのは弁ひとつ。圧縮機も膨張弁も熱交換器も、同じものが同じ場所にある。
冷房 —— 室内機が蒸発器(熱を吸う)、室外機が凝縮器(熱を出す)。暖房 —— そっくり逆。四方弁のコイルに通電して、高圧の行き先を室内機へ向ける。
暖房中は、ときどき冷房している。 室外機は蒸発器なので 0℃ を下回り、外気の水分が霜になる。落とすには四方弁を冷房側へ戻して高温の冷媒を室外機へ送る——室内の風が止まり、室外機から湯気が出るのはこのとき。
冷媒は冷蔵庫と別(R410A = GWP 2,090、R32 = 675)。R600a(3)まで下げられないのは、必要な量が桁違いだから。封入量の出典(2026-10-02 確認):日立 ルームエアコン E シリーズ仕様表(R32、2.2〜5.6kW 級で 0.79〜1.45kg)https://kadenfan.hitachi.co.jp/ra/lineup/eseries_e/spec.html冷蔵庫の R600a は「だいたい 100g 以下」:Refrig.jp「R600a ってどんな冷媒?」 https://refrig.jp/archives/703
APF は定格の効率ではない(JIS C 9612:2013)。1 年に要る冷暖房能力の総和 ÷ 期間消費電力量。
Source (YAML)
examples/gallery/247-エアコンの四方弁.zumen.yaml
More in this field
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A bench built for making: tenons mitred where they meet, and a top that is never screwed down
A chair drawn for making: four tenons meet in the back leg, and they must be set at different heights
A fridge does not make cold, it pumps heat out — and it throws away more than it took, because the compressor's electricity comes out as heat too
Hot and cold spots sit 6.1cm apart because that is half of the 12.2cm wavelength, which no cabinet design can remove — so the food is moved instead
A shelf sags with the cube of its span, so doubling the span sags it eight times — and gluing a 40mm rail under the front edge does more than upgrading the board
The same drum has to stay under 1G to wash and reach 335G to spin, which is why it hangs on springs behind a concrete weight rather than being bolted to the machine
Induction heats only the outer 0.05mm of the pan, and that thin skin is why iron works and aluminium does not: at 20kHz iron's surface resistance is 43 times aluminium's