Appliances and furniture
Why shelves sag — span, thickness and apron rail
A shelf sags with the cube of its span, so doubling the span sags it eight times — and gluing a 40mm rail under the front edge does more than upgrading the board
This drawing comes from one YAML file. No shape was moved by hand.
Notes in the source (in Japanese)
たわみはスパンの 3 乗で効く。 同じ本を載せるなら、スパンを 2 倍にすると 8 倍。本で埋めるなら 4 乗で 16 倍。
δ = 5 W L³ / (384 E I)、I = b t³ / 12。厚みも 3 乗。 18mm を 24mm にすると、たわみは (18/24)³ = 0.42 倍。
材料を替えるより、形を変えるほうが効く。奥行 250・厚 18・スパン 900 に本 20kg で、8 タイプなら 7.7mm、18 タイプでも 5.1mm。ところが前に 40mm の幕板を付けると 0.8mm。断面二次モーメントが 121,500 → 739,500 mm⁴(6.1 倍)になるため。
効くのは中立軸からどれだけ離れた所に材料があるか。本棚の幕板は、見栄えではなくたわみ止め。
E は JIS A 5908:2022 の曲げヤング係数(8 タイプ 2,000 / 13 タイプ 2,500 /18 タイプ 3,000 N/mm² 以上)。規格値ではなく参考値(受渡当事者間で適用する値)。出典:日本繊維板工業会「パーティクルボード」https://jfpma.jp/product/pb.html(JIS A 5908:2022 の性能表)取得 2026-09-29
Source (YAML)
examples/gallery/249-棚板のたわみ.zumen.yaml
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