Appliances and furniture
LCD television layers — a liquid crystal makes no light, it only blocks it
An LCD makes no light of its own — it only blocks it, which is why its black is whatever light failed to be blocked, and why only a tenth of the backlight ever reaches your eye
This drawing comes from one YAML file. No shape was moved by hand.
Notes in the source (in Japanese)
液晶は光を作らない。 後ろの光を、通したり遮ったりしているだけ。だから黒は「遮りきれなかった光」で、暗い場面では灰色に見える。
2 枚の偏光板は、最初から 90° ずれて貼ってある。 そのままでは光は止まる。液晶が光の振動面をねじると通る —— 電圧でねじり方を変えて、明るさを作る。② は TN 方式(電圧なしで白=ノーマリーホワイト)。 テレビに多い VA・IPS は電圧なしで黒(ノーマリーブラック)。偏光板を直交に貼るのはどれも同じ。
光は層ごとに減る。 偏光板で約半分(向きの揃っていない光を片方だけ通すので、原理として半分は捨てるしかない)、カラーフィルタで約 1/3、開口率で約 60% —— 順に掛けると残るのは 1 割前後(各段は代表値)。
黒を作るには、光を出さないのがいちばん。直下型のローカルディミングは区画ごとに LED を落とす工夫で、有機 EL は画素ごとに消せるので、バックライトの層もその工夫も要らない(ただし外光の反射を抑える円偏光板は有機 EL にも貼ってある)。
Source (YAML)
examples/gallery/258-液晶テレビの層.zumen.yaml
More in this field
Fitting a refrigerator: clearances differ by model, and a corner turns on the diagonal
A bench built for making: tenons mitred where they meet, and a top that is never screwed down
A chair drawn for making: four tenons meet in the back leg, and they must be set at different heights
A fridge does not make cold, it pumps heat out — and it throws away more than it took, because the compressor's electricity comes out as heat too
Heating and cooling swap the roles of the indoor and outdoor coils, and the only part that changes is one valve — which is also why a heat pump briefly runs cooling in the middle of heating, to melt its own frost
Hot and cold spots sit 6.1cm apart because that is half of the 12.2cm wavelength, which no cabinet design can remove — so the food is moved instead
A shelf sags with the cube of its span, so doubling the span sags it eight times — and gluing a 40mm rail under the front edge does more than upgrading the board
The same drum has to stay under 1G to wash and reach 335G to spin, which is why it hangs on springs behind a concrete weight rather than being bolted to the machine