Instruments and acoustics
Guitar fret positions (what is divided equally is a ratio, not a difference)
Frets crowd together as you climb because what is divided into twelve is not a distance but a ratio: each semitone multiplies by 2^(1/12), so the twelfth fret lands at exactly half the string and everything beyond it repeats at half size
This drawing comes from one YAML file. No shape was moved by hand.
Notes in the source (in Japanese)
フレットの間隔は、だんだん狭くなる。弦長 648mm のとき、ナット〜1 フレットは 36.4mm、11〜12 フレットは 19.3mm ——同じ半音でも、長さは半分近くまで縮む。
12 フレットがちょうど半分(324.0mm)。弦長が半分になると 1 オクターブ上がり、そこから先は同じ形が半分の大きさで繰り返す。
位置は 1 つの式で出る。n 番目のフレットまでの距離 = 弦長 ×(1 − 2 の −n/12 乗)648 ×(1 − 2^(−1/12))= 36.4mm、648 ×(1 − 2^(−12/12))= 324.0mm。
等分するのは、差ではなく比。1 オクターブは周波数が 2 倍。それを半音 12 個で等分するのだから、1 回ぶんは 2 の 1/12 乗 = 1.059463(12 回かけるとちょうど 2)。音の高さは比で感じるので、足し算ではなくかけ算で等分する ——フレットの間隔が狭くなるのはそのため。
「17.817 で割る」も、同じもの。 昔は 18 で割っていた(18 の法則。16 世紀の V. ガリレイの 18:17)。残りの弦長を 17.817 で割った所に次のフレットを置く、を繰り返す。17.817 = 1 ÷(1 − 1/1.059463) で、648 ÷ 17.817 = 36.4mm ——べき乗を計算せずに同じ位置が出る。 18 は、それを手で扱える数にした近似(12 フレットで約 2mm ナット寄りに出る)。
数はすべて計算で確かめた(フレット位置・半音の比・17.817 との一致)。
同じ題材で、見本 204 もある。 204 は寸法(12√2 と実際の位置)、こちらは「等分するのは、差ではなく比」という理屈のほう。
Source (YAML)
examples/gallery/310-ギターのフレット位置は等比.zumen.yaml
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