Instruments and acoustics
The piano keyboard (88 keys is seven octaves plus four keys)
The black keys are grouped in twos and threes so that a hand can find its place without looking — twelve evenly spaced keys would give no landmark at all — and 88 turns out to be seven octaves plus four: three keys added below and one above
This drawing comes from one YAML file. No shape was moved by hand.
Notes in the source (in Japanese)
黒鍵が 2 つの組と 3 つの組に分かれるのは、白鍵がドレミファソラシの 7 音だから。ミとファ、シとドの間は半音で、黒鍵が入らない。その偏りが、そのまま手がかりになる ——12 個が等間隔ならどれがドか分からないが、この並びなら鍵盤を見ずに、触って位置が分かる。
88 は、7 オクターブ + 4 鍵。
| 7 オクターブの白(7 × 7) | 白 49 |
| 7 オクターブの黒(5 × 7) | 黒 35 |
| 下の端 A0・B0 | 白 2 |
| 下の端 A#0 | 黒 1 |
| 上の端 C8 | 白 1 |
| 合計 | 白 52 + 黒 36 = 88 |
両端が半端なのが「A0 から C8」の正体で、広さは 7 オクターヴと短 3 度。
1 つの音に張る弦の本数が違う。最低音域は 1 本、低音域は 2 本、中音域より上は 3 本 —— 弦の総数は 200 本を超える。短く細い弦は 1 本では音が小さいので、同じ高さの弦を何本も同時に叩く。張力の合計は 20 トンにも及ぶ。
ペダルは 3 本で、中央だけ役目が違う。右(ダンパー)はすべてのダンパーが離れて音が延びる。左(ソフト/シフト)は音量を減らす。中央(ソステヌート)は、踏んだ時点で押していた鍵のダンパーだけが降りない ——手を放してもその音だけ延び、あとから弾いた音は延びない。
出典:ヤマハ「楽器解体全書」ピアノのできるまで(弦 約 230 本・張力 合計 約 20 トン)https://www.yamaha.com/ja/musical_instrument_guide/piano/manufacturing/manufacturing003.html (2026-09-29 確認)
図は 2 オクターブぶん。鍵の幅は実物の比ではない(白鍵の寸法は確かめていない)。
Source (YAML)
examples/gallery/311-ピアノの鍵盤.zumen.yaml
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